Legacy and emerging organic pollutants in indoor and outdoor environments in africa: contamination levels, health risks, and analytical techniques

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creativework.keywordsOrganic pollutants Outdoor air Indoor dust Exposure risks Analytical techniques
dc.contributor.authorMuhwezi, Godfrey
dc.contributor.authorKyarimpa, Christine
dc.contributor.authorGumula, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorNagawa, Christine Betty
dc.contributor.authorOmwoma, Solomon
dc.contributor.authorMatovu, Henry
dc.contributor.authorMatsiko, Julius
dc.contributor.authorOdongo, Silver
dc.contributor.authorSifuna, Douglas
dc.contributor.authorŠpánik, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorKato, Charles Drago
dc.contributor.authorSsebugere, Patrick
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-07T07:46:48Z
dc.date.available2025-01-07T07:46:48Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-02
dc.description.abstractThe World Health Organisation reported that over 20% of the global disease burden and deaths are caused by environmental factors such as air and dust pollution. Legacy organic pollutants (LOPs) and emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) are among the biggest contributors to this burden. Herein we reviewed literature published for the period 2000-2023 on selected LOPs and EOPs in indoor dust and outdoor air in Africa to understand the occurrence, associated human health risks and common analytical techniques used to identify and quantify these contaminants. The findings revealed generally lower contamination levels for most pollutants than that in most regions outside Africa except for PCBs in outdoor air and OCPs in indoor settled dust. Apart from a few studies for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), most studies reported hazard index (HI) values less than 1 for outdoor air and indoor dust exposure, which suggested negligible non-carcinogenic risks in children and adults. Gas Chromatography and mass spectrometry were the most frequently used analytical techniques for both air and dust probably due to their sensitivity and selectivity in detecting chemical traces at the pg m-3 and ng g−1 levels. Although the current contamination levels are generally low, their synergistic and cumulative effects may in the long run affect the environment and human health. There is also a paucity of data on most contaminants, especially for PCNs, and PFASs in both outdoor air and dust. Coordinated efforts are needed to limit the trade, importation, and disposal of products containing LOPs and EOPs in Africa.
dc.description.sponsorshipEnvironmental Chemistry for Sustainable Development (ECSDevelop); Slovak Research and Development Agency for supporting this work (Contract No. APVV-21-0178); Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Grant No. UGA-1185413-GF-E).
dc.identifier.citationMuhwezi, G., Kyarimpa, C., Gumula, I., Nagawa, C. B., Omwoma, S., Matovu, H., ... & Ssebugere, P. (2025). Legacy and emerging organic pollutants in indoor and outdoor environments in africa: contamination levels, health risks, and analytical techniques. Emerging Contaminants, 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2025.100468
dc.identifier.issn2405-6642
dc.identifier.urihttps://dir.muni.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12260/715
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.titleLegacy and emerging organic pollutants in indoor and outdoor environments in africa: contamination levels, health risks, and analytical techniques
dc.typeArticle

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