Browsing by Author "Nantongo, Carol"

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    Association between high serum alanine aminotransferase to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based ART in South-Western Uganda
    (Sage Journals, 2026-02-03) Bagenda, Charles Nkubi; Nantongo, Carol; Mugisa, Michael Junior; Ainebyoona, Blendar; Oyuru, Amos; Nzaramba, Daniel; Tumusiime, Jazira; Lubwama, Conrad; Musinguzi, Benson; Osuwat, Lawrence Obado; Ssenkumba, Brian; Omolo, Ronald Ouma
    Background Serum Alanine aminotransferase to High density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (ALT-to-HDL-C ratio) has been identified as a significant predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the association between serum aminotransferases to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among people living with HIV (PLWH) on Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Western Uganda. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis study from June 15, 2025 to August 20, 2025 using a dataset generated from hospital-based cross-sectional study that investigated an association between aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio and MetS among 377 PLWH who were on DTG-based ART at Ruhoko Health Centre IV, South Western Uganda. Results The prevalence of MetS was 44.6%(168/377); 95% CI: 39.6 - 49.6 and significantly increased from the lowest to the highest ALT-to-HDL-C ratio tertiles (30.2% vs 47.7% vs 56.1%, p < 0.001). In the adjusted model, higher ALT-to-HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with MetS. Individuals in the second tertile had 2.35-fold higher odds (aOR 2.35, 95% CI: 1.26–4.41, p = 0.008), and those in the third tertile had over fourfold higher odds (aOR 4.65, 95% CI: 2.25–9.61, p < 0.001) of MetS compared to the lowest tertile. ALT-to-HDL-C ratio at an optimal cutoff of 0.33 had a significant ability (AUC=0.820, 95%CI: 0.782 - 0.861) to differentiate between participants with MetS from those without MetS at a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 54%. Conclusion Higher ALT-to-HDL-C ratio is potentially associated with MetS. Since both ALT and HDL-C are routine measurements in HIV Care, this warrants further studies on the potential of ALT-to-HDL-C ratio as a biomarker for MetS.
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    Dyslipidemia and associated factors among people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in central Uganda
    (SAGE Publications, 2025-10-23) Timbigamba, Flavia; Bagenda, Charles Nkubi; Sembogga, Hendry; Wasswa, Timothy; Bazibu, Faizo; Ssali, Joseph; Ssemwanga, Elastus; Mugisa, Michael Junior; Nuwagaba, Edwin; Ojuko, Samuel; Nantongo, Carol; Wafwoyo, Jesca Akoth; Musinguzi, Benson; Akiteng, Winnie; Osuwat, Lawrence Obado
    Introduction Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) use has been associated with excessive weight gain, increasing the risk of dyslipidemias such as hypercholesterolemia. We assessed the prevalence of, and associated factors with dyslipidemia among adults on DTG-based ART. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 281 systematically sampled adults on DTG-based ART for ≥ 6 months at Kira Health Centre IV, Wakiso District, Central Uganda. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, medical record reviews, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory biomarker analysis. Logistic regression was used to determine associated factors, and the predictive performance of obesity indices was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 44.1% 95% CI: 38.4%–50.0%. Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was the most common abnormality, affecting 39.9% of participants, followed by elevated total cholesterol at 5.7% [95% CI: 3.51–9.11] and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol at 5.0%. High waist circumference (WC) was significantly associated with dyslipidemia; (aPR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.15–3.24, p = .013), and demonstrated a significant ability to predict dyslipidemia with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.577 [95% CI: 0.511–0.644]. The AUC for WC in predicting hypercholesterolemia, elevated LDL-C, and low HDL-C were 0.702 (95% CI: 0.547–0.857), 0.729(95% CI: 0.590–0.867), and 0.548 (95% CI: 0.481–0.616) respectively. Conclusion Dyslipidemia is prevalent among adults on DTG-based ART, and is potentially associated with high WC.
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    Total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a significant predictor of metabolic syndrome among people on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in southwestern Uganda
    (Sage, 2025-08-29) Bagenda, Charles Nkubi; Nantongo, Carol; Ssemwanga, Elastus; Mugisa, Michael Junior; Ojuko, Samuel; Sempijja, Fred; Nzaramba, Daniel; Kiconco, Ritah; Ssedyabane, Frank; Musinguzi, Benson; Akiteng, Winnie; Tusubira, Deusdedit; Osuwat, Lawrence Obado; Rugera, Simon Peter
    Objective: The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the association between total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in southwestern Uganda. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional study of 377 adults who had been on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year at Ruhoko Health Centre IV, southwestern Uganda. Results: The median total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in individuals with metabolic syndrome (3.92) than in those without (2.96, p < 0.001). A statistically significant association was observed between high total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratios: 2.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–3.91, p 1⁄4 0.028). The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio at an optimal cutoff of 3.30 had a significant ability (area under the curve 1⁄4 0.696, 95% confidence interval: 0.642–0.750) to differentiate participants with metabolic syndrome from those without at a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 60%. Conclusion: The total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is a significant pre-dictor of metabolic syndrome and serves as a potential blood-based biomarker.