Browsing by Author "Twinomujuni, Muzafaru"

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    Burden of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae among cancer patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Microbiology Society, 2026-06-12) Zamarano, Henry; Musinguzi, Benson; Twinomujuni, Muzafaru; Khakasa, Catherine; Mwesigye, Vicent; Muhwezi, Ivan; Mulogo, Edgar Mugema; Natumanya, Deborah; Kawuma, Simon; Orikiriza, Patrick; Iramiot, Jacob Stanley
    Background. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) exacerbate infections in cancer patients in settings where antimicrobial resistance threatens health outcomes. This study estimated the prevalence of ESBL-PE among cancer patients in Africa from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2024. Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Global Health for observational studies reporting ESBL-PE prevalence in cancer patients. Studies published in English from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2024 were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data using standardized forms and assessed the quality of articles using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model in RStudio v4.4.2, with heterogeneity assessed with the I² statistic and publication bias assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results. Twelve studies from 9 African countries, involving a total of 1,252 cancer patients and 643 identified events, were included. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE was 49.4% (95% CI: 36.0–62.9%, I²=88.3%, P<0.001). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated. There was no evidence of publication bias based on funnel plot symmetry, Egger’s test (t=−0.35, P=0.73) and trim-and-fill analysis (no studies imputed; adjusted estimate unchanged). Heterogeneity was substantial (I²=88.3%) with a wide 95% prediction interval (22.7–76.5%). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed estimate stability (~49%) with persistently high heterogeneity (I² range: 81.4–89.4%). Conclusions. The high ESBL-PE prevalence in African cancer patients signals a critical public health issue, necessitating enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and intentional infection control measures.
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    Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing bacteria isolated from pregnant women’s urine at Itojo Hospital, South Western Uganda
    (Microbiology Society, 2026-03-11) Twinomujuni, Muzafaru; Musinguzi, Benson; Asiimwe, Moses; Mpiima, Stephen Samuel; Zamarano, Henry; Orikushaba, Isaac; Muhanguzi, Deus; Twinamatsiko, Crinad; Mallya, Sarapia Paul; Samiri, Jamiru; Kamugisha, Joseph; Nalumaga, Pauline Petra; Kabanda, Taseera; Kassaza, Kennedy; Bagenda, Charles Nkubi; Tuhamize, Barbra; Bazira, Joel; Ricciardelli, Rosemary; Mpeirwe, Moses
    Background: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria pose a global challenge because of resistance developing against a wide range of antimicrobial agents, complicating available treatment options. Thus, identifying the prevalent bacterial species producing ESBL enzymes and understanding how they are susceptible to antibiotics is necessary to inform effective treatment guidelines. Objective: We sought to characterize ESBL-producing bacteria isolated from pregnant women’s urine at Itojo Hospital, Ntungamo district, Southwestern Uganda. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study where we collected and analysed 340 urine samples from 340 pregnant women. We did antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were screened for ESBL production and confirmed using the combination disc test. Genotypic characterization was confirmed using multiplex PCR to detect blaTEM, blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria was 29.7% (101/340). Escherichia coli 36/101 (35.6%) and Klebsiella species 33/101 (32.7%) were predominant ESBL producers. Genotypic analysis revealed blaTEM 50/101 (49.5%) and blaCTX-M 31/101 (30.7%) as the most prevalent genes, while blaSHV was less common, 8/101 (7.9%) Conclusion. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics highlighted the need for targeted antibiotic therapy, antimicrobial stewardship and regular molecular surveillance.