Browsing by Author "Muhwezi, Ivan"

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    Bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal Septicaemia at Kilembe mines hospital, Kasese District Western Uganda
    (Springer Nature, 2021-11-04) Zamarano, Henry; Musinguzi, Benson; Kabajulizi, Immaculate; Manirakiza, Godfrey; Guti, Walker; Muhwezi, Ivan; Ayan, Ahmed Hussein; Baweera, Agnes; Kabahinda, Boaz; Itabangi, Herbert; Bazira, Joel; Kabanda, Taseera
    Neonatal septicaemia is one of the most common leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It is estimated to affect more than 30 million people worldwide annually, potentially leading to 6 million deaths.The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, bacteriological profile, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with neonatal septicaemia among neonates suspected to sepsis at Kilembe mines hospital. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study, where purposive sampling technique was used and blood was drawn from 122 neonates suspected to sepsis attending Kilembe Mines Hospital during the period (July to November 2020). Specimens were inoculated in Brain heart infusion broth, transported to Fortportal Regional Referral Hospital, plated daily up to 7 days on blood, chocolate, MacConkey agar and incubated in aerobic and 5% carbondioxide. Pure colonies were identified by Gram stain, biochemical tests and antibiotic sensitivities obtained by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Associations were tested using Chi square with Fisher’s exact or Yates correction tests where necessary and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Stata (version 14) used for statistical analysis. Blood cultures were positive in 59.0% cases with 55.5% male and 44.4% female. EOS was present in 56.9% and LOS 43.1% of the cases. Gram negative (56.9%) organisms were most implicated with neonatal septicaemia than Gram positives ones (43.1%). Gram positive organisms exhibited better susceptibility to amikacin, linezolid and vancomycin but more resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Of the aminoglycosides, amikacin exhibited a verge over netilmicin and gentamicin against Gram negative isolates. Risk factors of neonatal septicaemia were mother’s age of ≥25 years, employed mothers, tertiary-level of education, SVD, ANC attendance of ≥4 times, UTI during pregnancy, PROMS, foul Smelling liquor, urban residence, neonatal birth weight of ≥2500 g, Apgar score 1st and 5th min ≥6 and resuscitation.
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    Burden of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producing Enterobacteriaceae among cancer patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Microbiology Society, 2026-06-12) Zamarano, Henry; Musinguzi, Benson; Twinomujuni, Muzafaru; Khakasa, Catherine; Mwesigye, Vicent; Muhwezi, Ivan; Mulogo, Edgar Mugema; Natumanya, Deborah; Kawuma, Simon; Orikiriza, Patrick; Iramiot, Jacob Stanley
    Background. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) exacerbate infections in cancer patients in settings where antimicrobial resistance threatens health outcomes. This study estimated the prevalence of ESBL-PE among cancer patients in Africa from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2024. Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Global Health for observational studies reporting ESBL-PE prevalence in cancer patients. Studies published in English from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2024 were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data using standardized forms and assessed the quality of articles using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model in RStudio v4.4.2, with heterogeneity assessed with the I² statistic and publication bias assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results. Twelve studies from 9 African countries, involving a total of 1,252 cancer patients and 643 identified events, were included. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE was 49.4% (95% CI: 36.0–62.9%, I²=88.3%, P<0.001). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae predominated. There was no evidence of publication bias based on funnel plot symmetry, Egger’s test (t=−0.35, P=0.73) and trim-and-fill analysis (no studies imputed; adjusted estimate unchanged). Heterogeneity was substantial (I²=88.3%) with a wide 95% prediction interval (22.7–76.5%). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis confirmed estimate stability (~49%) with persistently high heterogeneity (I² range: 81.4–89.4%). Conclusions. The high ESBL-PE prevalence in African cancer patients signals a critical public health issue, necessitating enhanced surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and intentional infection control measures.