Browsing by Author "Miccolis, Andrew"

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    From principles to practice:
    (Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); World Agroforestry (ICRAF), 2022-09) Gassner, Anja; Bande, Marlito; Harrison, Rhett D.; Mercado, Agustin; Miccolis, Andrew; Mukuralinda, Athanase; Neidel, J. David; Okia, Clement Akias; Somarriba, Eduardo; Thorne, Peter
    When applying the three principles of agroforestry design (farmer-centredness; aptness to place, people and purpose; and synergy), it is important to recognize that each landscape is unique and should therefore have its own unique agroforestry systems. Trees in these systems can have very different functions, ranging from being flotilla species in systems that focus on food production, to being the flagship species in systems that are designed to restore degraded forested landscapes. This chapter describes a small selection of featured systems to illustrate the different functions of trees and the resulting design and management implications. The featured systems should not be read as blueprints for direct application, but as examples of common and robust systems that might be used in specific locations after appropriate modifications.
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    Management of trees in agroforestry systems
    (Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); World Agroforestry (ICRAF), 2022-09) Gassner, Anja; Mercado, Agustin; Miccolis, Andrew; Mukuralinda, Athanase; Okia, Clement Akias; Somarriba, Eduardo
    Many tree establishment efforts focus entirely on the planting process, and fail to consider the years of time and effort needed to care for the planted trees and to manage their growth. It is true that the cultivation of trees usually requires less work than crop cultivation. But trees planted on farms do require management, whatever the system, and this management can be very time consuming. The design process must ensure that farmers are aware of the demands of management and that they consider these before deciding to establish an agroforestry system. Growing trees requires a long-term commitment, sufficient resources and sound knowledge about how trees interact with their environments, including other components of agroforestry systems. In this section, we provide an overview of how to manage trees in agroforestry systems.
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    Principles of agroforestry design
    (Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); World Agroforestry (ICRAF), 2022-09) Gassner, Anja; Coe, Richard; Cornelius, Jonathan P.; Dobie, Philip; Miccolis, Andrew; Mukuralinda, Athanase; Okia, Clement Akias; Somarriba, Eduardo
    Agroforestry design involves deciding what will be produced, selecting the components of the system, and determining how they will be arranged. These decisions also define how and when the components will be established, and how they will be managed. It also includes other considerations, such as how to support the enabling environment for agroforestry. Farmers have been designing agroforestry systems for millennia – sometimes consciously, sometimes instinctively. Professionals can support this process in several ways: by advising farmers who haven’t managed agroforestry systems before, or farmers who are recent migrants to a given agroecological zone; by helping to ensure that the systems meet wider goals (particularly environmental ones) in such a way that farmers’ interests are not negatively affected; by introducing farmers to new scientific knowledge; by organizing or supporting collaborative design processes that include all relevant stakeholders. In this section, we outline three principles of agroforestry design: farmer-centredness; aptness to people, place and purpose; and synergy. Successful agroforestry interventions follow these design principles. Interventions that ignore them have a high chance of failure.