Browsing by Author "Kakyo, Tracy Alexis"

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    Evaluating psychometric properties of three mentoring scales among nurses and midwives in hospital settings: A methodological study
    (Wiley, 2023-10-11) Kakyo, Tracy Alexis; Xiao, Lily Dongxia; Chamberlain, Diane
    Scales used to evaluate nurses’ perspectives of mentoring programmes are mainly designed in developed countries, making them unsuitable for nurses and midwives working in resource-poor developing countries. To explore the psychometric properties of the perceived cost of mentoring (PCM) scale, negative mentoring experiences (NME) scale and relational mentoring index (RMI) for adaptation in hospital settings in Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was used. In total, 303 hospital nurses/midwives in Ugandan participated in the study to evaluate the psychometric properties of the three mentoring scales. Revisions based on word choice were made in adapting the scales to the Ugandan context. The PCM showed three factors (risk to reputation, mentoring effort and nepotism) and had an intra-class correlation (ICC) of 0.609 (95% CI, 0.324–0.793) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.705. The NME scale had two factors (lack of mentor expertise and mismatch between the dyad) consistent with the original scale with an ICC of 0.568 (95% CI, 0.271–0.767) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.841. The RMI showed two factors (individual influence and relational quality) with an ICC of 0.664 (95% CI, 0.410–0.824) and Cronbach's alpha of 0.933.The initial psychometric assessment indicates satisfactory validity and reliability of the scales for implementation among nurses and midwives within Ugandan hospital contexts. Subsequent research is warranted to validate the factor structures of the scales on a different sample. In using mentoring programmes to develop the hospital workforce, nurse and midwifery policymakers need to use culturally adapted and validated PCM, NME, and RMI scales to evaluate the quality of these mentoring programmes to maximise the benefits while avoiding unintended consequences.
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    Exploring the dark side of informal mentoring: Experiences of nurses and midwives working in hospital settings in Uganda
    (Wiley, 2024-04-12) Kakyo, Tracy Alexis; Xiao, Lily Dongxia; Chamberlain, Diane
    Mentoring literature explores the dark side of mentoring as factors such as gender and race and how they affect the overall mentoring experience. The sociocultural context of the nursing and midwifery professions presents unique characteristics warranting a qualitative exploration of negative mentoring experiences. We aimed to characterise the dark side of mentoring based on informal mentoring relationships occurring among nurses and midwives working in hospitals. Utilising semistructured interviews in a qualitative descriptive design and reflexive thematic analysis, we examined the perceptions of 35 nurses and midwives from three public hospitals located in the Western, Northern and North-western regions of Uganda. Findings emerged in four overarching themes mentoring process deficits, mentoring relational problems, organisational challenges in mentoring and implications of negative mentoring experiences. Our study findings underscore that, while mentoring is frequently beneficial, it can also be interspersed with negative experiences arising from relational dynamics, particular mentoring processes and the overarching hospital environment. Notably, nurses and midwives actively transformed these challenges into opportunities for growth and self-improvement, while introspectively examining their roles in contributing to these negative experiences. Such a proactive approach highlights their resilience and steadfast commitment to professional development, even in the face of adversity.
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    Nurse managers’ perspectives on care quality and safety in rural hospitals in Uganda.
    (Unisa Press Journals, 2020-09-09) Kakyo, Tracy Alexis; Xiao, Lily Dongxia
    Rural hospitals in sub-Saharan African countries play a key role in dealing with a high level of disease burden, but are usually poorly equipped with resources. Ward nurse managers in rural hospitals are in an ideal position to negotiate resources and bridge gaps in quality improvements. The aim of this study was to explore nurse managers’ perspectives on quality and safe care in rural hospitals in Uganda. This was a qualitative interpretive study in which 11 ward nurse managers with at least two years’ experience in the role were purposively selected to participate in the study. In-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were applied for data collection. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse the data. Four themes were identified from the interviews. These themes explained how nurse managers engaged stakeholders in quality and safe care for patients; supported staff through supervision; improvised practices to cope with resource and equipment constraints; and being constrained by poor working conditions. Nurse managers in rural hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa face unique challenges in ensuring quality and safe care for patients due to a lack of basic human and material resources. The strategies they apply in quality improvements have implications for policy and resource development.
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    The role of motivation in the initiation and maintening mentoring relationships among nurses and midwives
    (Wiley, 2024-04-29) Kakyo, Tracy Alexis; Xiao, Lily Dongxia; Chamberlain, Diane
    Nursing and midwifery literature has established the benefits of mentoring and challenges that affect the effectiveness of formal mentoring programmes. No studies have explored hospital nurses’ and midwives’ motivations to mentor in the absence of the obligatory status and associated rewards of institutionalised mentoring. A qualitative descriptive study with 35 nurses and midwives working in three public hospitals in the western, northern and northwestern parts of Uganda. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to interpret the data. We have adhered to COREQ reporting guidelines. The study revealed three salient themes that capture nursing and midwifery professionals' mentoring perspectives. Participants expressed confidence in their inherent mentoring capacities and were often motivated by a desire to reciprocate prior mentoring experiences. Their mentoring approaches varied between self-focused and other-focused motivations, with some overlap in perspectives on hierarchical versus relational mentoring. Across the board, there was a strong consensus on the need of mentoring for individual clinicians, healthcare institutions and the broader profession. The study highlights five opportunities that can be harnessed to design future mentoring programmes. The findings delineate a complex interplay between self-centred and altruistic mentoring motivations, aligning with hierarchical or mutually beneficial mentoring paradigms. Nurse managers should tailor mentoring programmes to align with these intrinsic motivations, affirm the enduring need for mentoring, and leverage existing institutional resources to create both acceptable and efficient mentoring frameworks.